Taipei: The local meteorological authority has declared 2024 the hottest year on record, with an average temperature of 24.97°C, a staggering 1.66°C higher than the 20th-century average. While most months experienced above-average temperatures, December provided a brief respite. Rainfall, however, remained close to average levels despite regional variations.
Environmental Impacts: Coral Bleaching Crisis
The soaring temperatures have exacerbated environmental challenges, particularly a severe coral bleaching event along Taiwan’s southern and eastern coasts. Areas affected include Little Liuqiu, Orchid Island, Green Island, and Kenting. The phenomenon, linked to prolonged seawater temperatures exceeding 28°C, has alarmed conservationists. During the summer, temperatures hovered between 30°C and 32°C, well above the usual range of 28°C to 29°C.
The Science of Coral Bleaching:
- Cause: Elevated seawater temperatures prompt corals to expel symbiotic algae, exposing white skeletons.
- Consequence: Extended bleaching periods can lead to coral death if conditions fail to improve.
This marks the most significant coral bleaching event since 2020. While resilient coral reefs can recover under favorable conditions, the persistent heat raises concerns about long-term damage.
Conservation Efforts and Challenges
Local environmental groups, such as the Taiwan Eco-Angel Environmental Conservation Association and the Taiwan Loo-Koo Yu Association, have documented these bleaching cases and urged immediate action. Proposed measures include:
- Minimizing Human Activity: Reducing tourism and fishing near affected reefs.
- Controlling Pollution: Implementing stricter regulations on saltwater contamination.
Lu Shiau-yun, head of Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Department, has announced the development of a coral protection action plan. Collaborative efforts with academic institutions aim to enhance monitoring and mitigation strategies.
Outlook for 2025
Despite the record-breaking heat of 2024, the meteorological bureau predicts average temperatures and normal to below-normal rainfall for the early months of 2025. However, the ongoing coral crisis underscores the urgent need for adaptive measures to safeguard Taiwan’s marine ecosystems against climate-induced threats.
